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Showing posts with label Kuliah Kriminologi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kuliah Kriminologi. Show all posts
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
Materi Kriminologi Minggu IV
Materi Kriminologi Minggu III
Wednesday, September 03, 2014
Materi Kriminologi Minggu I dan II
Wednesday, September 25, 2013
Surat Pengantar Tugas Kriminologi
1. Mencari data tingkat tindak pidana di kepolisian;
2. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan cara mengambil jenis tindak pidana yang paling tinggi angka tindak pidananya dalam satu periode (satu tahun/ satu semester/ trimester dsb);
3. Data yang diperoleh dianalis dengan menggunakan teori kriminologi, setelah mengetahui motif dan modus tindak pidana tersebut;
4. Hasil analisis dituangkan dalam bentuk laporan.
5. Laporan dikumpulkan pada pertemuan ke 12.
Untuk menunjang tugas tersebut, berikut saya lampirkan contoh Surat Pengantar Tugas Kriminologi ke Kepolisian yang dapat didownload di sini
Posted in: Kuliah Kriminologi
Wednesday, September 11, 2013
Materi Kriminologi Minggu II & III
Download materi Kriminologi Minggu II dan III di sini
Sunday, September 01, 2013
Materi Kriminologi Minggu I
Download materi Kriminologi minggu I di sini
Posted in: Kuliah Kriminologi
Tuesday, September 04, 2012
Pengantar Kriminologi 2012
Pada pertemuan pertama akan dibicarakan tentang kontrak perkuliahan, disertai dengan penyampaian pokok bahasan dan dilanjutkan dengan materi pendahuluan tentang definisi dan ruang lingkup kriminologi. Download materi Pengantar Kriminologi 2012 di sini
Posted in: Kuliah Kriminologi
Wednesday, December 07, 2011
Sosiologi Kriminal
Di dalam pengelompokan teori berdasarkan faktor individu, telah dijelaskan secara panjang lebar, bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya kejahatan atau perilaku menyimpang adalah adanya perbedaan dalam bentuk fisik serta mental manusia, sehingga karena perbedaan itulah menyebabkan seseorang melakukan kejahatan. Sosiologi kriminal sama sekali menolak anggapan, bahwa faktor penyebab kejahatan adalah karena adanya perbedaan dalam bentuk fisik maupun mental manusia. Sosiologi kriminal memiliki sudut pandang yang berbeda dalam menganalisa faktor-faktor penyebab kejahatan. Di dalam pengelompokan sosiologi kriminal dapat dibagi lagi ke dalam kelompok-kelompok kecil antara lain, teori-teori Strain, teori-teori penyimpangan budaya serta teori-teori kontrol sosial.
Download materi kuliah Sosiologi Kriminal di sini
Download materi kuliah Sosiologi Kriminal di sini
Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Sosio-Psikologi Kriminal
Tidak banyak literatur yang membahas tentang sosio-psikologi kriminal, atau teori-teori tentang faktor penyebab kejahatan berdasarkan faktor sosial dan psikologi. Beberapa literatur memasukkan kategori teori-teori seperti yang akan dibahas di sini dalam kategori penyebab kejahatan berdasarkan faktor psikologis. Teori-teori apa saja yang dapat dikategorikan ke dalam sosio-psikologi kriminal?
Download kuliah Sosio-Psikologi Kriminal di sini
Tuesday, November 01, 2011
Psikologi Kriminal
Berbicara tentang psikologi kriminal sebagai salah satu tipe teori kriminologi berdasarkan faktor individu manusia, maka kita tidak pernah lepas dari apa yang namanya keturunan dan bawaan, maka dari itu memulai pembahasan tentang psikologi kriminal kita berbicara tentang genotype dan phenotype. Dua hal tersebut yang akan mempengaruhi apakan ada kaitannya antara perbuatan manusia dengan keturunan atau bawaan, atau dengan apa yang disebut dengan kepribadian.
Download materi kuliah Psikologi Kriminal di sini
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
Body Types Theories
Berbicara tentang teori-teori tentang penyebab kejahatan, mau tidak mau, suka tidak suka, setuju tidak setuju pasti akan dibahas pertama kali adalah Body Types Theories atau teori tipe fisik. Secara singkat, teori-teori ini menjelaskan, bahwa faktor penyebab manusia melakukan kejahatan adalah ada yang berbeda dengan struktur tubuhnya dibandingkan orang lain yang tidak melakukan kejahatan. Jika membicarakan tentang teori tipe fisik, maka kali pertama yang akan diperkenalkan adalah bapak kriminologi modern, Cesare Lombrosso.
Download materi kuliah Body Types Theories di sini
Wednesday, October 12, 2011
Aliran-Aliran dalam Kriminologi
Download Materi Kuliah Aliran-aliran Kriminologi di sini
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Sejarah Perkembangan Kriminologi
Download materi kuliah Sejarah Perkembangan Kriminologi di sini
Tuesday, September 20, 2011
Kuliah Perdana TA 2011/2012
Salam jumpa kawan-kawan. Setelah posting yang lalu membahas tentang perkuliahan perdana Hukum Acara Pidana, maka pada kesempatan kedua postingan ini adalah kuliah perdana mata kuliah kriminologi. Selayaknya kuliah perdana sebelumnya, maka postingan kuliah perdana kriminologi ini berisi tentang pokok bahasan dan pendahuluan yang berisi tentang latar belakang kriminologi sebagai mata kuliah di fakultas hukum, ruang lingkup kriminologi, definisi kriminologi dan tujuan mempelajari kriminologi.
Download Materi kuliah perdana kriminologi di sini
Posted in: Kuliah Kriminologi
Monday, September 24, 2007
File Slide Produser
Perkuliahan jarak jauh bisa dilakukan dengan perkembangan tekhnologi. Download mata kuliah Kriminologi Pokok Bahasan Biologi Kriminal di sini
Posted in: Kuliah Kriminologi
Sunday, August 27, 2006
Term of Criminology
Anthropometry: The attempt to derive character traits by measuring the human body. Anthropometrical approaches to crimininality include Lombroso's measurement of atavistic stigmata, and Sheldon's measurement of general physique, or "somatotype."
Atavism: Atavism refers to Lombroso's theory that while most individuals evolve, some devolve, becoming primitive or "atavistic". These evolutionary "throwbacks" are "born criminals," the most violent criminals in society. Born criminals could be identified through their atavistic stigmata. (For a good account of Lombroso's theories of atavism, see Gould's The Mismeasure of Man, pages 151-75.)
Celerity: Swiftness. Beccaria argues that in order to be an effective deterrent, punishments must possess celerity. A punishment that occurs quickly after the crime helps to form a strong connection between the punishment and the crime in the minds of the general public, so that whenever a citizen contemplates a criminal act, he will instantly recall the punishment and weigh it into his deliberation. See also certainty and severity.
Certainty: According to Beccaria, a punishment must be certain to follow from the crime in order to be an effective deterrent. The greater the extent to which a would-be offender thinks that she can get away with a crime, the less she will weigh the punishment into her deliberation of whether or not to commit the crime. See also celerity and severity, or play the proportionality game!
Constitutional Theories: Theories such as Lombroso's or Sheldon's that locate the origins of criminality in a person's biological or psychological make-up. Refers to one's physical constitution (not a legal constitution).
Culture: The development of criminology to some degree can be told as the story of a deepening understanding of culture. For early sociological criminologists—and for many today—'culture' is primarily understood as the values and goals that orient individual actors. Many subcultural and labeling theorists deepen this understanding, seeing a 'culture' as the understandings and behaviors that arise, in the words of Howard Becker, ". . . in response to a problem faced in common by a group of people . . ." (Outsiders, 81). Finally, recent criminologists—especially feminist and critical criminologists—view culture very broadly, as the beliefs and values, tastes and interests, knowledge, behavior, and even the very ways that individuals conceive their of 'selves'. Culture, in short, has come to be seen as the fabric out of which the social is made.
Deterrence: A strategy of punishment associated with the Classical School. Deterrence can either be specific, punishing an individual so that she won't commit a crime again, or general, punishing an individual to set an example to society, so that others will not commit the same crime. For the Classical School, punishment was primarily justified in terms of general deterrence. See also Retribution, Rehabilitation, and Incapacitation.
Etiology: The study of the causes or origins of behavior. Positivist approaches to criminology are characterized by their interest in determining the etiology of criminal behavior.
"Ex-Post Facto": Laws that apply retroactively, that is, to punish actions conducted before they were pronounced illegal.
Free Will: For Beccaria and the classical school, even though people are hedonistic, they also possess reason, and can therefore calculate the course of action that is really in their self-interest. This gives them a degree of freedom over their situation.
Hedonism: The idea held by the classical school, that people only act according to what they find pleasurable and in their self-interest. See also Free Will/Reason.
Incapacitation: A strategy of punishment associated with positivist approaches to criminology. Sick offenders are removed from society (institutionalized or imprisoned) if they cannot be cured and rehabilitated, in order to protect society from harm. See also Deterrence and Retribution.
Positivism: In criminology, 'positivism' has two meanings. (1) Specifically, it refers to the evolutionary assumptions and scientific methods of the 'positivist school' of criminology. (2) More generally, it is used to characterize all approaches to criminology that are primarily concerned with questions of etiology, and which believe that social phenomena can and should be explained in the manner of the natural sciences. And the origins of the term? Talk to Comte.
"Promoting the Greatest Good for the Greatest Number . . .": The purpose of laws and punishments for the classical school. Thinkers differ, however, on who the "greatest number" are. For Beccaria and other thinkers who believed that the state should be conceived as a social contract, this meant that because the state was created by a decision made by each one of its citizens, it was obligated to produce the greatest good shared equally among all of its citizens. For Bentham, whose utilitarianism accepted that the purpose of legislation should be "promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number" but rejected the idea of the social contract, the "greatest number" could mean the greatest good for the majority of people in society. . . so that the interests of particular individuals might need to be sacrificed for the greater social good. See The Social Contract Exercise to learn how the social contract can be used to argue for social and legal equality.
Proportionality: The Classical School believed that punishments could only deter if they were "proportional" to their crime, where proportionality means (1) that the severity of punishments correspond to the severity of the harm done by the crime, so that more serious crimes receive more serious punishments, and (2) that the type of punishment resembles the crime, so that others in society can best associate the punishment with the crime (see general deterrence). Beccaria further argues that proportionality is the only punishment that is morally acceptable according to the social contract. Examine Beccaria's arguments and play The Proportionality Game... or go straight to chapter 6 of Beccaria's On Crimes and Punishments!
Reciprocal Obligation: The basis of the social contract according to The Classical School. Because people are hedonistic, driven by their self-interest, yet rational, capable of rationally considering what is really in their self-interest, they will come to the conclusion that life is more pleasurable with a degree of security—attained by everyone in society promising not to act in ways that will harm others. These "reciprocal obligations"—the promises that all rational individuals would make in a society—can be considered a society's fundamental "social contract."
Rehabilitation: A strategy of punishment associated with positivist approaches to criminology. Offenders are understood to be sick; the state attempts to cure them and reintroduce them into society. See also Incapacitation, Retribution, and Deterrence.
Retribution: A justification for punishment that argues the guilty must be punished not, or not only, for instrumental ends, but because criminal actions simply 'deserve' to be punished. See also Deterrence, Rehabilitation, and Incapacitation.
Somatotyping: The derivation of behavioral types from particular forms of the body. Somatotyping was first applied to criminology by William Sheldon and Eleanor and Sheldon Glueck.
Severity: According to Beccaria, punishments ought to proportional in their severity. See also certainty and celerity, and Beccaria's arguments on proportionality.
Social Contract: The idea of Beccaria and other members of the Classical School that government can be thought of as created by its citizens for certain shared and common ends. "Social contract theory" uses this notion to determine when laws are just or unjust, by arguing that just laws ought to be thought of as promises that everyone in society would realize is in their best interest to make to one another. To examine this argument in more detail, see Beccaria's argument for a social contract!
Stigmata: As a term of medicine, 'stigmata' refers to the physical marks and characteristics that suggest an individual is abnormal. For Lombroso, 'atavistic stigmata' were those physical characteristics that suggested an individual to be atavistic. Such stigmata included abnormal skull sizes, hawk-like noses, large jaws and cheekbones, and fleshy lips.
Utilitarianism: Specifically, utilitarianism refers to the theory of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that the overall utility or benefit produced by an action ought to be the standard by which we judge the worth or goodness of moral and legal action. More generally, utilitarian principles can be seen in the arguments of the early social contract theorists: the idea that government was utilitarian in nature followed from their understanding of human nature as hedonistic, and bringing about government because they realize it is in their benefit. See the social contract, "Promoting the Greatest Good for the Greatest Number," and instrumentalism.
* TERMS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE *
Correlates:
Epistemology: Strictly speaking, refers to philosophies or theories of the nature of knowledge. In social science, epistemology often refers to how individuals perceive "truth," and the social processes by which knowledge is constructed and accepted as "true."
Extrinsic: Existing outside of a thing.
Instrumental: Actions done to accomplish a greater consequence or end. For example, punishments carried out in the name of (general) deterrence punish particular individuals in order to prevent others in society from commiting the same actions; punishment teaches others in society a lesson. This is in contrast to retributionist justifications for punishments.
Inter-:
Intra-:
Macro-:
Micro-:
Reciprocal: Something exchanged, given, or owed between two or more individuals. According to The Classical School, the basis of order in society are those promises that every individual in society would make if they thought about it rationally, and therefore would make reciprocally.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Courtesy of Crimetheory.com
© January 23, 2002
Atavism: Atavism refers to Lombroso's theory that while most individuals evolve, some devolve, becoming primitive or "atavistic". These evolutionary "throwbacks" are "born criminals," the most violent criminals in society. Born criminals could be identified through their atavistic stigmata. (For a good account of Lombroso's theories of atavism, see Gould's The Mismeasure of Man, pages 151-75.)
Celerity: Swiftness. Beccaria argues that in order to be an effective deterrent, punishments must possess celerity. A punishment that occurs quickly after the crime helps to form a strong connection between the punishment and the crime in the minds of the general public, so that whenever a citizen contemplates a criminal act, he will instantly recall the punishment and weigh it into his deliberation. See also certainty and severity.
Certainty: According to Beccaria, a punishment must be certain to follow from the crime in order to be an effective deterrent. The greater the extent to which a would-be offender thinks that she can get away with a crime, the less she will weigh the punishment into her deliberation of whether or not to commit the crime. See also celerity and severity, or play the proportionality game!
Constitutional Theories: Theories such as Lombroso's or Sheldon's that locate the origins of criminality in a person's biological or psychological make-up. Refers to one's physical constitution (not a legal constitution).
Culture: The development of criminology to some degree can be told as the story of a deepening understanding of culture. For early sociological criminologists—and for many today—'culture' is primarily understood as the values and goals that orient individual actors. Many subcultural and labeling theorists deepen this understanding, seeing a 'culture' as the understandings and behaviors that arise, in the words of Howard Becker, ". . . in response to a problem faced in common by a group of people . . ." (Outsiders, 81). Finally, recent criminologists—especially feminist and critical criminologists—view culture very broadly, as the beliefs and values, tastes and interests, knowledge, behavior, and even the very ways that individuals conceive their of 'selves'. Culture, in short, has come to be seen as the fabric out of which the social is made.
Deterrence: A strategy of punishment associated with the Classical School. Deterrence can either be specific, punishing an individual so that she won't commit a crime again, or general, punishing an individual to set an example to society, so that others will not commit the same crime. For the Classical School, punishment was primarily justified in terms of general deterrence. See also Retribution, Rehabilitation, and Incapacitation.
Etiology: The study of the causes or origins of behavior. Positivist approaches to criminology are characterized by their interest in determining the etiology of criminal behavior.
"Ex-Post Facto": Laws that apply retroactively, that is, to punish actions conducted before they were pronounced illegal.
Free Will: For Beccaria and the classical school, even though people are hedonistic, they also possess reason, and can therefore calculate the course of action that is really in their self-interest. This gives them a degree of freedom over their situation.
Hedonism: The idea held by the classical school, that people only act according to what they find pleasurable and in their self-interest. See also Free Will/Reason.
Incapacitation: A strategy of punishment associated with positivist approaches to criminology. Sick offenders are removed from society (institutionalized or imprisoned) if they cannot be cured and rehabilitated, in order to protect society from harm. See also Deterrence and Retribution.
Positivism: In criminology, 'positivism' has two meanings. (1) Specifically, it refers to the evolutionary assumptions and scientific methods of the 'positivist school' of criminology. (2) More generally, it is used to characterize all approaches to criminology that are primarily concerned with questions of etiology, and which believe that social phenomena can and should be explained in the manner of the natural sciences. And the origins of the term? Talk to Comte.
"Promoting the Greatest Good for the Greatest Number . . .": The purpose of laws and punishments for the classical school. Thinkers differ, however, on who the "greatest number" are. For Beccaria and other thinkers who believed that the state should be conceived as a social contract, this meant that because the state was created by a decision made by each one of its citizens, it was obligated to produce the greatest good shared equally among all of its citizens. For Bentham, whose utilitarianism accepted that the purpose of legislation should be "promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number" but rejected the idea of the social contract, the "greatest number" could mean the greatest good for the majority of people in society. . . so that the interests of particular individuals might need to be sacrificed for the greater social good. See The Social Contract Exercise to learn how the social contract can be used to argue for social and legal equality.
Proportionality: The Classical School believed that punishments could only deter if they were "proportional" to their crime, where proportionality means (1) that the severity of punishments correspond to the severity of the harm done by the crime, so that more serious crimes receive more serious punishments, and (2) that the type of punishment resembles the crime, so that others in society can best associate the punishment with the crime (see general deterrence). Beccaria further argues that proportionality is the only punishment that is morally acceptable according to the social contract. Examine Beccaria's arguments and play The Proportionality Game... or go straight to chapter 6 of Beccaria's On Crimes and Punishments!
Reciprocal Obligation: The basis of the social contract according to The Classical School. Because people are hedonistic, driven by their self-interest, yet rational, capable of rationally considering what is really in their self-interest, they will come to the conclusion that life is more pleasurable with a degree of security—attained by everyone in society promising not to act in ways that will harm others. These "reciprocal obligations"—the promises that all rational individuals would make in a society—can be considered a society's fundamental "social contract."
Rehabilitation: A strategy of punishment associated with positivist approaches to criminology. Offenders are understood to be sick; the state attempts to cure them and reintroduce them into society. See also Incapacitation, Retribution, and Deterrence.
Retribution: A justification for punishment that argues the guilty must be punished not, or not only, for instrumental ends, but because criminal actions simply 'deserve' to be punished. See also Deterrence, Rehabilitation, and Incapacitation.
Somatotyping: The derivation of behavioral types from particular forms of the body. Somatotyping was first applied to criminology by William Sheldon and Eleanor and Sheldon Glueck.
Severity: According to Beccaria, punishments ought to proportional in their severity. See also certainty and celerity, and Beccaria's arguments on proportionality.
Social Contract: The idea of Beccaria and other members of the Classical School that government can be thought of as created by its citizens for certain shared and common ends. "Social contract theory" uses this notion to determine when laws are just or unjust, by arguing that just laws ought to be thought of as promises that everyone in society would realize is in their best interest to make to one another. To examine this argument in more detail, see Beccaria's argument for a social contract!
Stigmata: As a term of medicine, 'stigmata' refers to the physical marks and characteristics that suggest an individual is abnormal. For Lombroso, 'atavistic stigmata' were those physical characteristics that suggested an individual to be atavistic. Such stigmata included abnormal skull sizes, hawk-like noses, large jaws and cheekbones, and fleshy lips.
Utilitarianism: Specifically, utilitarianism refers to the theory of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that the overall utility or benefit produced by an action ought to be the standard by which we judge the worth or goodness of moral and legal action. More generally, utilitarian principles can be seen in the arguments of the early social contract theorists: the idea that government was utilitarian in nature followed from their understanding of human nature as hedonistic, and bringing about government because they realize it is in their benefit. See the social contract, "Promoting the Greatest Good for the Greatest Number," and instrumentalism.
* TERMS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE *
Correlates:
Epistemology: Strictly speaking, refers to philosophies or theories of the nature of knowledge. In social science, epistemology often refers to how individuals perceive "truth," and the social processes by which knowledge is constructed and accepted as "true."
Extrinsic: Existing outside of a thing.
Instrumental: Actions done to accomplish a greater consequence or end. For example, punishments carried out in the name of (general) deterrence punish particular individuals in order to prevent others in society from commiting the same actions; punishment teaches others in society a lesson. This is in contrast to retributionist justifications for punishments.
Inter-:
Intra-:
Macro-:
Micro-:
Reciprocal: Something exchanged, given, or owed between two or more individuals. According to The Classical School, the basis of order in society are those promises that every individual in society would make if they thought about it rationally, and therefore would make reciprocally.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Courtesy of Crimetheory.com
© January 23, 2002
Posted in: Kuliah Kriminologi
